Frequently asked colon cancer questions
What is the cause of colon cancer?
The exact cause of colon cancer is unknown, but the majority of colon cancers develop from abnormal growths on the lining of the colon or rectum called polyps.
Who is most likely to get colon cancer?
People at a higher risk for colon cancer may meet 1 or more of the following criteria:
- Age 50 or older
- African-American race
- Personal or family history of colon cancer or polyps
- Inflammatory bowel disease or other gastrointestinal (GI) issues
- Low-fiber, high-fat diet
- Smoking
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Heavy alcohol use
- Radiation therapy for cancer
What are the signs and symptoms of colon cancer?
Colon cancer usually doesn't show symptoms in early stages, which is one reason why it's important to have a colonoscopy before you experience symptoms. Once symptoms of colon cancer appear, they may include
- Abdominal pain
- Anemia
- Blood in the stool
- A change in bowel habits for more than a few weeks (eg, persistent diarrhea or constipation)
- Rectal bleeding
- Weakness or fatigue
- Unexplained or unintentional weight loss
Is colon cancer preventable?
Colon cancer can be prevented through screening and removal of polyps. If cancer is found, early detection often leads to a longer life, as 90% of people diagnosed when the cancer is found at an early stage survive more than 5 years.1
Having regular colonoscopies (once every 10 years for patients with no risk factors) increases the likelihood of detecting colon cancer early, when it can often be cured. Screening can also play a crucial role in prevention because abnormal polyps and lesions may be found and removed before they become cancerous.